אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים וְלֹא פֵּירְשׁוּהוּ, אָמְרוּ נְבִיאִים וְלֹא פֵּירְשׁוּהוּ, עַד שֶׁפֵּירְשׁוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּעַצְמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ עַל עׇזְבָם אֶת תּוֹרָתִי אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לִפְנֵיהֶם״. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: שֶׁלֹּא בֵּרְכוּ בַּתּוֹרָה תְּחִילָּה.
was stated by the Sages, i.e., the wise man mentioned in the verse, and yet they could not explain it. It was stated by the prophets, i.e., those to whom the mouth of the Lord has spoken, and yet they could not explain it, until the Holy One, Blessed be He, Himself explained it, as it is stated in the next verse: “And the Lord says: Because they have forsaken My Torah which I set before them” (Jeremiah 9:12). Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: This does not mean that the Jewish people ceased Torah study altogether; rather, they did not recite a blessing on the Torah prior to its study, as they did not regard Torah study as a sacred endeavor.
אָמַר רַב חָמָא: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״בְּלֵב נָבוֹן תָּנוּחַ חׇכְמָה וּבְקֶרֶב כְּסִילִים תִּוָּדֵעַ״, ״בְּלֵב נָבוֹן תָּנוּחַ חׇכְמָה״ – זֶה תַּלְמִיד חָכָם בֶּן תַּלְמִיד חָכָם, ״וּבְקֶרֶב כְּסִילִים תִּוָּדֵעַ״ – זֶה תַּלְמִיד חָכָם בֶּן עַם הָאָרֶץ. אָמַר עוּלָּא: הַיְינוּ דְּאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי: אִסְתֵּירָא בְּלָגִינָא קִישׁ קִישׁ קָרְיָא.
Rav Ḥama says: What is the meaning of that which is written: “In the heart of him that has discernment wisdom rests; but in the inward part of fools it makes itself known” (Proverbs 14:33)? “In the heart of him who has discernment wisdom rests”; this is a Torah scholar, son of a Torah scholar. “But in the inward part of fools it makes itself known”; this is a Torah scholar, son of an ignoramus, as his wisdom stands out in contrast to the foolishness of the rest of his family. Ulla said: This explains the adage that people say: A small coin in an empty barrel calls: Kish, kish, i.e., it rattles loudly, whereas a coin in a barrel full of coins is not heard.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה לְרַבִּי זֵירָא: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״קָטֹן וְגָדוֹל שָׁם הוּא וְעֶבֶד חׇפְשִׁי מֵאֲדֹנָיו״? אַטּוּ לָא יָדְעִינַן דְּקָטֹן וְגָדוֹל שָׁם הוּא? אֶלָּא כׇּל הַמַּקְטִין עַצְמוֹ עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה – נַעֲשָׂה גָּדוֹל לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וְכׇל הַמֵּשִׂים עַצְמוֹ כְּעֶבֶד עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה – נַעֲשֶׂה חׇפְשִׁי לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא.
Rabbi Yirmeya said to Rabbi Zeira: What is the meaning of that which is written with regard to the World-to-Come: “The humble and great are there; and the servant is free from his master” (Job 3:19)? Is that to say that we do not know that the humble and the great are there in the World-to-Come? Rather, this is the meaning of the verse: Anyone who humbles himself over matters of Torah in this world becomes great in the World-to-Come; and anyone who establishes himself as a servant over matters of Torah in this world becomes free in the World-to-Come.
רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ הֲוָה מְצַיֵּין מְעָרָתָא דְּרַבָּנַן, כִּי מְטָא לִמְעָרְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא אִיעֲלַמָא מִינֵּיהּ. חֲלַשׁ דַּעְתֵּיהּ. אֲמַר: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם! לֹא פִּלְפַּלְתִּי תּוֹרָה כְּמוֹתוֹ? יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה לוֹ: תּוֹרָה כְּמוֹתוֹ פִּלְפַּלְתָּ, תּוֹרָה כְּמוֹתוֹ לֹא רִיבַּצְתָּ.
§ The Gemara continues discussing the greatness of the Sages. Reish Lakish was demarcating burial caves of the Sages. When he arrived at the cave of Rabbi Ḥiyya, the precise location of his grave eluded him. Reish Lakish became distressed, as he was apparently unworthy of finding the grave. He said: Master of the Universe! Did I not analyze the Torah like Rabbi Ḥiyya? A Divine Voice emerged and said to him: You did analyze the Torah like him, but you did not disseminate Torah like him.
כִּי הֲווֹ מִינְּצוּ רַבִּי חֲנִינָא וְרַבִּי חִיָּיא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חֲנִינָא לְרַבִּי חִיָּיא: בַּהֲדֵי דִּידִי קָא מִינְּצֵית? חַס וְחָלִילָה, אִי מִשְׁתַּכְחָא תּוֹרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל – מַהְדַּרְנָא לַהּ מִפִּילְפּוּלַי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא לְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: בַּהֲדֵי דִּידִי קָא מִינְּצֵית? דַּעֲבַדִי לְתוֹרָה דְּלֹא תִּשְׁתַּכַּח מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל.
The Gemara relates: When Rabbi Ḥanina and Rabbi Ḥiyya would debate matters of Torah, Rabbi Ḥanina would say to Rabbi Ḥiyya: Do you think you can debate with me? Heaven forbid! If the Torah were forgotten from the Jewish people, I could restore it with my powers of analysis and intellectual acumen. Rabbi Ḥiyya said to Rabbi Ḥanina: Do you think you can debate with me? You cannot compare yourself to me, as I am acting to ensure that the Torah will not be forgotten by the Jewish people.
מַאי עָבֵידְנָא – אָזֵילְנָא וְשָׁדֵינָא כִּיתָּנָא וְגָדֵילְנָא נִישְׁבֵּי, וְצָיֵידְנָא טְבֵי וּמַאֲכֵילְנָא בִּשְׂרַיְיהוּ לְיַתְמֵי, וְאָרֵיכְנָא מְגִילָּתָא וְכָתֵבְנָא חֲמִשָּׁה חוּמְשֵׁי, וְסָלֵיקְנָא לְמָתָא וּמַקְרֵינָא חַמְשָׁה יָנוֹקֵי בְּחַמְשָׁה חוּמְשֵׁי, וּמַתְנֵינָא שִׁיתָּא יָנוֹקֵי שִׁיתָּא סִדְרֵי, וְאָמַרְנָא לְהוּ: עַד דְּהָדַרְנָא וְאָתֵינָא אַקְרוֹ אַהֲדָדֵי וְאַתְנוֹ אַהֲדָדֵי וַעֲבַדִי לַהּ לְתוֹרָה דְּלֹא תִּשְׁתַּכַּח מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל.
Rabbi Ḥiyya elaborated: What do I do to this end? I go and sow flax seeds and twine nets with the flax, and then I hunt deer and feed their meat to orphans. Next I prepare parchment from their hides and I write the five books of the Torah on them. I go to a city and teach five children the five books, one book per child, and I teach six other children the six orders of the Mishna, and I say to them: Until I return and come here, read each other the Torah and teach each other the Mishna. This is how I act to ensure that the Torah will not be forgotten by the Jewish people.
הַיְינוּ דְּאָמַר רַבִּי: כַּמָּה גְּדוֹלִים מַעֲשֵׂי חִיָּיא! אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי: אֲפִילּוּ מִמָּר? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִין. אֲפִילּוּ מֵאַבָּא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: חַס וְחָלִילָה! לֹא תְּהֵא כְּזֹאת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל.
The Gemara notes that this is what Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said: How great are the deeds of Rabbi Ḥiyya! Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, said to Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: Are his deeds even greater than the Master’s, i.e., yours? Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to him: Yes. Rabbi Yishmael persisted: Are they even greater than those of my father, Rabbi Yosei? Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to him: Heaven forbid! Such a statement shall not be heard among the Jewish people, that someone is greater than your father, Rabbi Yosei.
אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: אֶמֶשׁ נִרְאָה לִי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא. אָמַרְתִּי לוֹ: אֵצֶל מִי אַתָּה תָּקוּעַ? אָמַר לִי: אֵצֶל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אֵצֶל מִי? אֵצֶל רַבִּי יַנַּאי. וְרַבִּי יַנַּאי אֵצֶל מִי? אֵצֶל רַבִּי חֲנִינָא. וְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא אֵצֶל מִי? אֵצֶל רַבִּי חִיָּיא. אָמַרְתִּי לוֹ: וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אֵצֶל רַבִּי חִיָּיא לֹא? אָמַר לִי: בַּאֲתַר דְּזִקּוּקִין דְּנוּרָא וּבָעוֹרִין דְּאֶשָּׁא – מַאן מְעַיֵּיל בַּר נַפָּחָא לְתַמָּן?!
The Gemara continues discussing the greatness of Rabbi Ḥiyya. Rabbi Zeira said: Last night, Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, appeared to me in a dream. I said to him: Near whom are you placed in the upper realms? He said to me: Near Rabbi Yoḥanan. I asked: And Rabbi Yoḥanan is near whom? He replied: Near Rabbi Yannai. And Rabbi Yannai is near whom? Near Rabbi Ḥanina. And Rabbi Ḥanina is near whom? Near Rabbi Ḥiyya. Rabbi Zeira added: I said to Rabbi Yosei: But isn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan worthy of being placed near Rabbi Ḥiyya? He said to me: In a place of fiery sparks and burning fires, who can bring Rabbi Yoḥanan, son of Nappaḥa, there?
אָמַר רַב חֲבִיבָא: אִשְׁתַּעִי לִי רַב חֲבִיבָא בַּר סוּרְמָקֵי, חֲזֵי לֵיהּ הָהוּא מֵרַבָּנַן דַּהֲוָה שְׁכִיחַ אֵלִיָּהוּ גַּבֵּיהּ, דִּלְצַפְרָא הֲווֹ שַׁפִּירָן עֵינֵיהּ, וּלְאוּרְתָּא דָּמְיָין כִּדְמִיקַּלְיָן בְּנוּרָא. אֲמַרִי לֵיהּ: מַאי הַאי? וַאֲמַר לִי: דַּאֲמַרִי לֵיהּ לְאֵלִיָּהוּ: אַחְוִי לִי רַבָּנַן כִּי סָלְקִי לִמְתִיבְתָּא דְּרָקִיעַ. אָמַר לִי: בְּכוּלְּהוּ מָצֵית אִסְתַּכּוֹלֵי בְּהוּ, לְבַר מִגּוּהַרְקָא דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא דְּלָא תִּסְתַּכֵּל בֵּיהּ. מַאי סִימָנַיְיהוּ? בְּכוּלְּהוּ אָזְלִי מַלְאֲכֵי כִּי סָלְקִי וְנָחֲתִי, לְבַר מִגּוּהַרְקָא דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא דְּמִנַּפְשֵׁיהּ סָלֵיק וּנְחֵית.
Rav Ḥaviva said: Rav Ḥaviva bar Surmakei told me: I once saw one of the Sages whom Elijah the prophet would visit, and his eyes looked beautiful and healthy in the morning, but appeared to be charred by fire in the evening. I said to him: What is this phenomenon? And he said to me: I said to Elijah: Show me the Sages upon their ascension to the heavenly academy. Elijah said to me: You may gaze at all of them except for those in the chariot [miguharka] of Rabbi Ḥiyya, upon whom you may not gaze. I asked Elijah: What are the signs of Rabbi Ḥiyya’s chariot, so I will know when not to look? He said: Angels accompany all of the other Sages’ chariots as they ascend and descend, except for the chariot of Rabbi Ḥiyya, which ascends and descends of its own accord, due to his greatness.
לָא מְצַאי לְאוֹקְמָא אַנַּפְשַׁאי, אִסְתַּכַּלִי בָּהּ: אֲתוֹ תְּרֵי בּוּטִיטֵי דְנוּרָא וּמַחְיוּהּו לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא וְסַמּוֹנְהוּ לְעֵינֵיהּ. לִמְחַר אֲזַלִי אִשְׁתַּטַּחִי אַמְּעָרְתֵּיהּ, אָמֵינָא: מַתְנְיָיתָא דְּמָר מַתְנֵינָא, וְאִתַּסַּאי.
The Sage relating this story continued: I was unable to restrain myself, and I gazed upon Rabbi Ḥiyya’s chariot. Two fiery flames came and struck that man, i.e., me, and blinded his eyes. The next day, I went and prostrated on Rabbi Ḥiyya’s burial cave in supplication. I said: I study the baraitot of the Master, Rabbi Ḥiyya; please pray on my behalf. And my vision was healed, but my eyes remained scorched.
אֵלִיָּהוּ הֲוָה שְׁכִיחַ בִּמְתִיבְתָּא דְּרַבִּי, יוֹמָא חַד רֵישׁ יַרְחָא הֲוָה, נְגַהּ לֵיהּ וְלָא אֲתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאי טַעְמָא נְגַהּ לֵיהּ לְמָר? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אַדְּאוֹקֵימְנָא לְאַבְרָהָם וּמָשֵׁינָא יְדֵיהּ וּמְצַלֵּי וּמַגְנֵינָא לֵיהּ, וְכֵן לְיִצְחָק וְכֵן לְיַעֲקֹב. וְלוֹקְמִינְהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי! סָבַרי: תָּקְפִי בְּרַחֲמֵי וּמַיְיתִי לֵיהּ לְמָשִׁיחַ בְּלָא זִמְנֵיהּ.
The Gemara relates another incident involving Elijah the prophet. Elijah was often found in the academy of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. One day it was a New Moon, the first of the month, and Elijah was delayed and did not come to the academy. Later, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to Elijah: What is the reason that the Master was delayed? Elijah said to him: I had to wake up Abraham, wash his hands, and wait for him to pray, and then lay him down again. And similarly, I followed the same procedure for Isaac, and similarly for Jacob in turn. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi asked Elijah: And let the Master wake them all together. Elijah responded: I maintain that if I were to wake all three to pray at the same time, they would generate powerful prayers and bring the Messiah prematurely.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְיֵשׁ דּוּגְמָתָן בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִיכָּא רַבִּי חִיָּיא וּבָנָיו. גְּזַר רַבִּי תַּעֲנִיתָא, אַחְתִינְהוּ לְרַבִּי חִיָּיא וּבָנָיו. אֲמַר ״מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ״ – וּנְשַׁבָה זִיקָא. אֲמַר ״מוֹרִיד הַגֶּשֶׁם״ – וַאֲתָא מִיטְרָא, כִּי מְטָא לְמֵימַר ״מְחַיֵּה הַמֵּתִים״ – רְגַשׁ עָלְמָא.
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to Elijah: And is there anyone alive in this world who is comparable to them and can produce such efficacious prayers? Elijah said to him: There are Rabbi Ḥiyya and his sons. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi decreed a fast, and the Sages brought Rabbi Ḥiyya and his sons down to the pulpit to pray on behalf of the congregation. Rabbi Ḥiyya recited the phrase in the Amida prayer: Who makes the wind blow, and the wind blew. Rabbi Ḥiyya recited the next phrase: Who makes the rain fall, and rain fell. When he was about to say the phrase: Who revives the dead, the world trembled.
אָמְרִי בִּרְקִיעָא: מַאן גַּלִּי רָזַיָּא בְּעָלְמָא? אָמְרִי: אֵלִיָּהוּ. אַתְיוּהּ לְאֵלִיָּהוּ מַחְיוּהּ שִׁתִּין פּוּלְסֵי דְנוּרָא. אֲתָא אִידְּמִי לְהוּ כְּדוּבָּא דְנוּרָא, עָל בֵּינַיְיהוּ וְטַרְדִינְהוּ.
They said in heaven: Who is the revealer of secrets in the world? They said in response: It is Elijah. Elijah was brought to heaven, whereupon he was beaten with sixty fiery lashes. Elijah came back down to earth disguised as a bear of fire. He came among the congregation and distracted them from their prayers, preventing Rabbi Ḥiyya from reciting the phrase: Who revives the dead.
שְׁמוּאֵל יַרְחִינָאָה אָסְיֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי הֲוָה. חֲלַשׁ רַבִּי בְּעֵינֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֶימְלֵי לָךְ סַמָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא יָכֵילְנָא. אֶשְׁטַר לָךְ מִשְׁטָר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא יָכֵילְנָא. הֲוָה מוֹתֵיב לֵיהּ בְּגוּבְתָּא דְסַמָּנֵי תּוּתֵי בֵּי סַדְיֵיהּ, וְאִיתַּסִּי.
§ The Gemara relates: Shmuel Yarḥina’a was the physician of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. One time, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi felt a pain in his eye. Shmuel said to him: I will place a medication in your eye. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to him: I cannot have the medication placed directly in my eye, as I am afraid it will cause me too much pain. Shmuel said to him: I will apply a salve above your eye, not directly in it. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said to him: Even that I cannot bear. Shmuel placed the medication in a tube of herbs beneath his pillow, and Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi was healed.
הֲוָה קָא מִצְטַעַר, רַבִּי לְמִסְמְכֵיהּ וְלָא הֲוָה מִסְתַּיְּיעָא מִילְּתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא לִצְטַעַר מָר, לְדִידִי חֲזֵי לִי סִיפְרָא דְּאָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, וּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ: שְׁמוּאֵל יַרְחִינָאָה
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi made efforts to ordain Shmuel Yarḥina’a as a rabbi but was unsuccessful, as Shmuel always demurred. Shmuel Yarḥina’a said to him: The Master should not be upset about my refusal, as I know that I am not destined to be ordained as a rabbi. I myself saw the book of Adam the first man, which contains the genealogy of the human race, and it is written in it that Shmuel Yarḥina’a